Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic condition that affects the joints and areas where tendons and ligaments connect to bone. It is closely linked to psoriasis, a skin condition, and may appear in people of any age. While not everyone with psoriasis will develop psoriatic arthritis, studies show that about one-third of people with psoriasis may also experience joint problems over time.
Although living with PsA can feel overwhelming, learning about the symptoms, triggers, and ways to manage the condition can make a meaningful difference. Many people are able to continue working, enjoying hobbies, and leading fulfilling lives while managing psoriatic arthritis.
What Are the Symptoms of Psoriatic Arthritis?
The signs of psoriatic arthritis can vary widely. Some individuals may notice only mild stiffness, while others experience significant joint discomfort. Common symptoms include:
- Pain, swelling, or stiffness in one or more joints
- Morning stiffness or pain that feels worse after rest
- Warmth, redness, or tenderness around affected joints
- Sausage-like swelling in fingers or toes (known as dactylitis)
- Heel or ankle pain caused by inflammation where tendons attach
- Changes in the nails, such as ridging, pitting, or lifting from the nail bed
- Pain in the lower back or near the tailbone
- Fatigue or low energy levels
It is important to note that the severity of skin symptoms does not necessarily match the severity of joint symptoms. Someone may have very mild psoriasis but experience widespread joint pain, or the other way around.
Causes and Triggers
Researchers believe that psoriatic arthritis develops due to a combination of genetics, immune system activity, and environmental factors. Having a family member with psoriasis or PsA increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
For many people, symptoms may come and go in what are called “flares.” During a flare, joint pain and swelling may increase, and it can last for days or weeks. Common triggers that may influence flares include:
- Stress
- Skin or joint injuries
- Infections or illnesses
- Smoking or excessive alcohol use
- Certain medications
- Changes in weather
- Unbalanced diet or lack of rest
Since triggers vary from person to person, it can be helpful to keep a journal to track activities, diet, or stress levels that may be connected to flare-ups.
Diagnosis and Monitoring
Diagnosing psoriatic arthritis can be complex because its symptoms resemble other joint conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout. Doctors often rely on physical examinations, medical history, and tests such as X-rays, MRI scans, or bloodwork to rule out other causes.
If you notice persistent joint pain and you also have psoriasis, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider, ideally a rheumatologist. Early diagnosis can help in creating a plan that reduces pain and supports long-term joint health.
Treatment and Management
While there is currently no cure for psoriatic arthritis, treatment and self-care strategies can greatly improve quality of life. Management often involves a combination of medical guidance, healthy routines, and supportive resources.
- Staying active: Gentle exercises such as swimming, yoga, or walking can maintain flexibility and strengthen muscles around the joints.
- Eating well: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can support overall wellness and may reduce inflammation.
- Prioritizing rest: Good sleep helps the body recover and reduces fatigue.
- Managing stress: Relaxation techniques like meditation, deep breathing, or tai chi may reduce the impact of stress on symptoms.
- Seeking support: Connecting with family, friends, or support groups can help reduce feelings of isolation.
Some individuals may use assistive tools, such as braces or ergonomic devices, to make daily tasks easier. Planning activities for times of higher energy can also help manage fatigue.
How to Live Well with Psoriatic Arthritis
Although psoriatic arthritis is a lifelong condition, it does not define a person’s entire life. With awareness, self-care, and professional support, many people continue to work, travel, and enjoy meaningful activities. Building a supportive routine and making small adjustments can go a long way toward preserving independence and improving daily comfort.
The key is balance—finding the right combination of activity, rest, nutrition, and emotional support. By staying informed and proactive, those living with psoriatic arthritis can create a lifestyle that supports both their physical and mental well-being.